Effect of chlorogenic acid on intestinal inflammation,antioxidant status,and microbial community of young hens challenged with acute heat stress

Heat stress in poultry is deleterious to productive performance. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental CGA on the intestinal health and cecal microbiota composition of young hens challenged with acute heat stress. 100-day-old Hy-line brown pullets were randomly divided into four groups. The control group (C) and heat stress group (HS) received a basal diet. HS + CGA₃₀₀ group and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group received a basal diet supplemented with 300- and 600-mg/kg CGA, respectively, for 2 weeks before heat stress exposure. Pullets of HS, HS + CGA₃₀₀, and HS + CGA₆₀₀ group were exposed to 38°C for 4 h while the control group was maintained at 25°C. In this study, dietary CGA supplementation had effect on mitigate the decreased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and the increasing of IL-1β and TNFα induced by acute heat stress. Dietary supplementation with 600 mg/kg CGA had better effect on increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial genera, such as Rikenellaceae RC9_gut_group, Ruminococcaceae UCG-005, and Christensenellaceae R-7_group, and deceasing bacteria genera involved in inflammation, such as Sutterella species. Therefore, CGA can ameliorate acute heat stress damage through suppressing inflammation and improved antioxidant capacity and cecal microbiota composition.     

NO对大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区DA神经元的调节

实验观察了微量注射 NOS抑制剂 L -NAME及微量联合注射 NO的前体 L-精氨酸( L-Arg) L-NAME于大鼠中脑腹侧被盖区( VTA)对该部位多巴胺神经元的调节。发现VTA注射 L -NAME( 1 mg/ 5μL )后 ,伏隔核( Acb)多巴胺 ( DA )代谢产物—双羟苯乙酸( DOPAC)水平升高到注射前的 1 2 2 .5% ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,小剂量注射 L-NAME( 0 .2 mg/ 5μL)对伏隔核 DOPAC水平无明显影响 ;同样方法联合注射 L-Arg( 3 0 0 μg/ 5μL) L-NAME( 1 mg/5μL)后 ,伏隔核 DOPAC水平无明显变化。结论 :VTA微量注射 L-NAME兴奋了该部位的DA神经元 ,而 L -Arg L -NAME联合注射 ,却不能影响 DA神经元的活动 ,说明 NO可以通过L-Arg-NOS-NO途径参与 VTA多巴胺神经元的调节     

导入AGPase基因的转基因可育水稻及其经济性状的研究

以农杆菌介导法将淀粉合成关键酶AGPase(腺嘌呤二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶）基因导入云南地方优质水稻合系35，38，39，41，42中，获得了大量的可育转基因植株。PCR扩增检测，外源基因已稳定整合进水稻基因组中。大量的农艺性状及淀粉含量研究表明，转基因水稻种子的千粒重比对照明显提高，但总淀粉含量没有显著变化。     

同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草杂交结实的胚胎学证据

在以6份同源四倍体水稻为杂交母本与狼尾草进行属间杂交中发现,其结实率达到0.84%～2.06%,而在以二倍体水稻为母本的属间杂交中却没有获得结实种子.利用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术对属间杂交结籽的特殊生殖现象进行了观察研究,试图寻找其杂交结实的胚胎学证据.结果表明,狼尾草的花粉粒不能在二倍体水稻的柱头上萌发,说明二倍体水稻与狼尾草的生殖隔离很严格,两者很难杂交.然而,狼尾草的花粉粒在同源四倍体水稻的柱头上能萌发,花粉管能在花柱中伸长并能将雄配子送入胚囊内与雌配子融合成受精卵.同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草的受精作用比较特殊,包括精细胞与卵细胞的单受精作用、精细胞与次生极核的单受精作用和正常的双受精作用,总受精率和总成胚率分别为6.36%～11.68%和4.11%～9.44%.试验结果为解释同源四倍体水稻与狼尾草杂交结籽的特殊生殖现象提供了有力的胚胎学证据.     

High frequency embryogenic callus induction and plant regeneration from mature caryposis of big bluestem and little bluestem

Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman) and little bluestem [Schizachyrium scoparium (Michaux) Nash.] are native to the North America and are important forage grasses and ornamental grasses. Both grasses are proposed as ideal biomass producers for cellulosic ethanol production. To apply genetic transformation, which is an important tool for incorporating desirable agronomic traits into plants to both species, however requires an efficient and reproducible regeneration protocol. We used mature caryopses from big and little bluestem as explants and tested the effect of various combinations of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 mg l⁻¹) and kinetin (KT) (0, 0.1 or 0.2 mg l⁻¹) on embryogenic callus induction with LS as the basal medium. The highest percentage of embryogenic calli induction occurred on medium containing 2, 4-D alone at 2 mg l⁻¹ for ‘Bison’ and on medium containing 4 mg l⁻¹ 2, 4-D alone for ‘Bonilla’ big bluestem. For little bluestem, the highest percentage of embryogenic callus induction occurred on medium containing 3 mg l⁻¹ 2, 4-D plus 0.1 mg l⁻¹ kinetin, suggesting that addition of KT is beneficial. Shoot regeneration took place on LS basal medium without any plant growth regulator for both species, although the addition of KT increased both regeneration frequency and the number of shoots produced per callus. Rooting of shoots reaching about 2 cm long occurred readily with or without α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooted plantlets were all successfully established in the soil.     

海东地区荒山荒坡三种治理措施的效果对比研究

对治理荒山荒坡常用的封育、补播、重新建植三种方法进行了对比、调查和分析。结果表明,采用补播措施治理荒山荒坡是较为有效的途径,也是合理开发利用荒山荒坡、尽快恢复植被、控制水土流失和改善生态环境经济实用而又可行的方法。     

贵州道真县稻瘟病发生情况及防治

稻瘟病是道真县水稻生产中主要病害之一。从1995~2005年11年的调查资料显示,稻瘟病常年在道真的发生情况为:苗瘟轻发生,叶瘟中等发生,穗瘟偏重发生。稻瘟病的发生与品种、气候、栽培条件等因素密切相关。     

共轭亚油酸(CLA)对动物营养效应研究进展

本文对共轭亚油酸对动物的免疫作用、抗癌及防止动脉粥样硬化作用、抗氧化作用等进行了综述 ,重点论述了共轭亚油酸的营养再分配作用 ,并对有待继续研究的问题进行了探讨。     

超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生育特性及产量的影响

以常规粳稻秀水09和杂交籼稻两优培九、国稻6号为试验材料,在2007和2008年采用大田试验,研究了超微气泡增氧灌溉对水稻生物学特性和产量的影响。结果表明,与常规灌溉相比,增氧灌溉处理具有分蘖发生快,叶面积指数大,干物质积累多等优点,尤其在生育后期表现出较大的干物质积累优势。增氧灌溉显著增加了水稻产量,其中秀水09分别增产8.45%(2007)和6.23%(2008)、国稻6号增产9.13%、两优培九增产7.49%。而且增氧灌溉明显提高了水稻有效穗数及结实率,但对水稻每穗总粒数和千粒重影响不明显。